Bio based materials

Bio-based Materials — Below280

Bio-based material producers face a unique challenge: the environmental credentials that define their commercial proposition need to be rigorously verified, not just claimed.

The challenge

Green claims without data are becoming a liability

Bio-based materials, from bioplastics and natural fibre composites to bio-derived chemicals and agricultural packaging, are often positioned on their environmental credentials. But procurement teams, brand owners and regulators are increasingly demanding that those credentials be substantiated with verified data. The EU Green Claims Directive and incoming digital product passport requirements mean that “bio-based” is no longer sufficient on its own. Companies need to demonstrate actual environmental performance across multiple impact categories, including land use, water consumption and end-of-life impacts that are often overlooked in simple carbon comparisons.

The sector

Promising materials, complex impact profiles

Bio-based materials cover a wide range of product types at different stages of commercial maturity. Development-stage companies often need LCA data early in their R&D process to guide design decisions before scale-up. Commercial producers need verified EPDs to access procurement programmes and substantiate marketing claims. And companies transitioning customers from fossil-based equivalents need credible comparative data that can withstand scrutiny.

Three issues
Why LCA matters for Bio-based Materials
Green Claims

EU Green Claims Directive

Claims like “biodegradable”, “carbon neutral”, “sustainable” and “eco-friendly” will require substantiation under the EU Green Claims Directive. For bio-based material producers, an LCA is the minimum defensible basis for these claims.

Early-stage design

Hotspot analysis at R&D stage

For development-stage companies, an LCA conducted before design decisions are locked in can identify the most impactful parameters and guide investment in the areas that will make the biggest difference at commercial scale.

EPDs

Procurement access

Packaging buyers, construction specifiers and consumer goods brands are increasingly requiring EPDs from bio-based material suppliers. An EPD opens doors that a marketing claim alone cannot.

Our services
How Below280 helps
Life Cycle Assessment ISO 14040/44 LCA studies for bio-based materials, including feedstock cultivation and land use, processing and conversion, end-of-life pathways (composting, biodegradation, recycling), and comparison with fossil-based equivalents.
Hotspot Analysis Rapid hotspot assessments for development-stage companies that need to understand where environmental impacts concentrate before committing to a final design or production route.
Environmental Product Declarations Verified EPDs for bio-based materials registered with programme operators and suitable for use in BREEAM, LEED and public procurement specifications.
Example
Bio-based vs fossil-based packaging film
Impact CategoryFossil-based (PE)Bio-based (PLA)
Climate change (kg CO₂eq per kg)2.51.3
Land use (Pt)NegligibleModerate
Fossil resource depletion (kg oil-eq)1.80.2
Water consumption (m³)0.010.09

Figures are illustrative and for explanatory purposes only.

Need LCA data or an EPD for your bio-based material?

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